Common Triggers of PANS/PANDAS

PANS (Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) and PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections) are conditions known to be triggered by infections, primarily bacterial and sometimes fungal or viral. The most frequently implicated trigger in these disorders is streptococcal infection, often caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. This type of infection can lead to various illnesses, including strep throat. However, streptococcal infections can sometimes go beyond the throat and impact other areas of the body, including the central nervous system, which is believed to be a major factor in the onset of PANS/PANDAS.

Aside from streptococcal infections, other infections can also serve as triggers for PANS/PANDAS. Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria and transmitted through tick bites, is one such trigger. Mold-related infections, often associated with mycotoxins produced by certain molds, have also been linked to PANS/PANDAS. Additionally, viral infections have been suggested as possible triggers, although the role of viruses in these disorders is still being explored.

The common thread among these triggers is the potential for the immune system to mount an abnormal response. In PANS/PANDAS, the immune system's reaction to these infections becomes misdirected, causing it to produce antibodies that mistakenly attack healthy brain cells, particularly those in the basal ganglia. This autoimmune response within the central nervous system ultimately leads to the neuropsychiatric symptoms characteristic of these disorders.

It's important to note that not all individuals who experience these infections will develop PANS/PANDAS, and there may be additional genetic or environmental factors at play that determine who is susceptible. Understanding these common triggers is essential for early recognition and intervention, as addressing the underlying infection and immune dysregulation can be key to managing PANS/PANDAS effectively. Additionally, ongoing research is shedding light on other potential triggers and contributing factors, further enhancing our understanding of these complex disorders.